Table 1 Summary of differences and similarities of civil religion and remembrance culture in Germany and Japan
From: A comparison of civil religion and remembrance culture in Germany and Japan
Factors shaping civil religion and remembrance culture | Germany | Japan | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Structure (socioolocical factors) | 1 | Embededdness of totalitarian ideologies in traditional culture | superfluous | embedded |
2 | Collective experience | Holocaust/guilt | Nuclear bombings | |
3 | Origins of post-war order | endogenous | exogenous | |
4 | International environment | European integration | Communist threat | |
Agency (political factors) | 5 | Impact of protest movement | High impact (68er generation) | No impact |
6 | Regime change | Social-liberal coalition | LDP one-party dominant rule | |
7 | Control of education | Holocaust included into curriculum | Control of textbooks, esp. with regard to war crimes | |