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Table 8 Social science theories

From: Western and/or universal social sciences?

Enlightening (Open, optimistic)

Obscuring (closed, pessimistic)

Self-reflexive

non-reflexive

Wide

narrow

Coherent

speculative

Critical

dogmatic

Process-oriented

pragmatist

Interdisciplinary

sub−/disciplinary

Non-hegemonic

hegemonic

Non-hierarchic

hierarchic/authoritarian

Non-personal

personal

Non-formalistic

formalistic

Multi-methodological

single methodological

particularistic

Ivory-tower

self-immunizing

traditional

opportunistic